News, research and discussion on virtual goods, currencies and economies globally.

Bibliography

The VERN bibliography collects references to books and scholarly papers, whether published in print or online, that are related to virtual goods, currencies and economies. You can annotate entries using the commenting feature. Registered members may also add new entries here. New entries appear in the list after they have been processed by the editors.

Author Yearsort icon Title Publication information Cmts
Dibbell, Julian 1995 MUD Money: A Talk on Virtual Value and, Incidentally, the Value of the Virtual Presented at Stages of the Virtual conference, April 1995. 1
Grimm, Thomas, and Mitlöhner, Johann 1995 Developing a Virtual Reality for the Simulation of Agent Based Economic Models Unpublished manuscript 1
Simpson, Zachary B. 1999 The In-game Economics of Ultima Online Presented at Computer Game Developer's Conference, San Jose, CA; March 2000. 0
Castronova, Edward 2001 Virtual Worlds: A First-Hand Account of Market and Society on the Cyberian Frontier CESifo Working Paper Series No. 618 1
Burke, Timothy 2002 Rubicite Breastplate Priced to Move, Cheap: How Virtual Economies Become Real Simulations Unpublished manuscript 0
Castronova, Edward 2002 On Virtual Economies CESifo Working Paper Series No. 752 (July 2002). 2
Taylor, T.L. 2002 Whose game is this anyway? Negotiating corporate ownership in a virtual world Computer Games and Digital Cultures Conference Proceedings, Ed. Frans Mayra, Tampere University Press (2002), pp. 227-242. 2
Castronova, Edward 2003 Theory of the Avatar CESifo Working Paper Series No. 863 (February 2003). 0
Bartle, Richard 2003 Designing Virtual Worlds Indianapolis: New Riders. 1
Bradley, Caroline, and Froomkin, A. Michael 2003 Virtual Worlds, Real Rules TPRC Conference Paper (31 August 2003). 1
Reynolds, Ren 2003 Hands Off My Avatar! Issues With Claims of Virtual Property and Identity Unpublished manuscript 1
Yamaguchi, Hiroshi 2004 An Analysis of Virtual Currencies in Online Games Unpublished manuscript 2
Lastowka, F. Gregory and Hunter, Dan 2004 The Laws of the Virtual Worlds 92 California Law Review 1. 1
Book, Betsy 2004 These bodies are FREE, so get one NOW!: Advertising and Branding in Social Virtual Worlds Unpublished manuscript 2
Nash, Justin and Schneyer, Evan 2004 Virtual Economies: An In-Depth Look at the Virtual World of Final Fantasy XI: Online Unpublished manuscript 3
Castronova, Edward 2004 The Price of Bodies: A Hedonic Pricing Model of Avatar Attributes in a Synthetic World Kyklos, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 173-196. 1
Ondrejka, Cory 2004 Living on the Edge: Digital Worlds Which Embrace the Real World Unpublished manuscript 2
Ondrejka, Cory 2004 A Piece of Place: Modeling the Digital on the Real in Second Life Unpublished manuscript 1
Jenkins, Peter S. 2004 The Virtual World as a Company Town - Freedom of Speech in Massively Multiple Online Role Playing Games Journal of Internet Law, Vol. 8, No. 1. 1
MacInnes, Ian 2004 The Implications of Property Rights in Virtual Worlds Proceedings of Tenth Americas Conference of Information Systems (AMCIS 2004), 5-8 August, New York. 2
Whang, Leo Sang-Min; Lee, Hae-Rin and Park, Y.J. 2004 The Emergence of Digital Image Value Property Rights Created by Interactivity between Users and Items in Online Games Paper presented at the Americas Conference of Information Systems (AMCIS 2004), New York. 0
Burke, Timothy 2004 Play of State: Sovereignty and Governance in MMOGs Unpublished manuscript 0
Farmer, F. Randall 2004 KidTrade: A Design for an eBay-resistant Virtual Economy Unpublished manuscript 0
Balkin, Jack M. 2004 Virtual Liberty: Freedom to Design and Freedom to Play in Virtual Worlds 90 Virginia Law Review 2043. 1
Bartle, Richard 2004 Pitfalls of Virtual Property The Themis Group white paper, April 2004. 3
MacInnes, Ian, Park, Y.J. and Whang, Leo Sang-Min 2004 Virtual World Governance: Digital Item Trade and its Consequences in Korea Presented at Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Arlington, VA. 1
Lastowka, F. Gregory and Hunter, Dan 2004 Virtual Crimes 49(1) New York Law School Law Review 293. 0
Ondrejka, Cory 2004 Escaping the Gilded Cage: User Created Content and Building the Metaverse 49(1) New York Law School Law Review 81. 1
Castronova, Edward 2004 The Right to Play 49(1) New York Law School Law Review 185. 0
Book, Betsy 2004 Moving Beyond the Game: Social Virtual Worlds Unpublished manuscript 1
Gervassis, Nicolas J. 2004 In Search of the Value of Online Electronic Personae: Commercial MMORPGs and the Terms of Participation in Virtual Communities 3 Journal of Information, Law and Technology. 1
Ondrejka, Cory 2004 Aviators, Moguls, Fashionistas and Barons: Economics and Ownership in Second Life Unpublished manuscript 1
Grimmelmann, James 2004 Virtual Worlds as Comparative Law 47 New York Law School Law Review 147. 1
Fairfield, Joshua 2005 Virtual Property Boston University Law Review, Vol. 85, page 1047 3
Lehdonvirta, Vili 2005 Real-Money Trade of Virtual Assets: New Strategies for Virtual World Operators Proceedings of Future Play, Michigan State University, 13-15 October. 2
Johnson, Mikael & Toiskallio, Kalle 2005 Fansites as Sources for User Research: Case Habbo Hotel Proceedings of IRIS’28, August 6-9. 1
MacInnes, Ian 2005 Virtual Worlds in Asia: Business Models and Legal Issues Presented at DIGRA 2005, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. 1
MacInnes, Ian and Hu, Lili 2005 Business Models for Online Communities: The Case of the Virtual Worlds Industry in China Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'05). 1
Lehdonvirta, Vili 2005 Real-Money Trade of Virtual Assets: Ten Different User Perceptions Proceedings of Digital Art and Culture, IT University of Copenhagen, 1-3 December. 1
Lehdonvirta, Vili 2005 Virtual Economics: Applying Economics to the Study of Game Worlds Proceedings of Future Play, Michigan State University, 13-15 October. 1
Lehdonvirta, Vili 2005 Economic Integration Strategies for Virtual World Operators Master's thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, 31 May 2005. 1
Book, Betsy 2005 Virtual World Business Brands: Entrepreneurship and Identity in Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming Environments Unpublished manuscript 1
Huhh, Jun-Sok 2005 Empirical Study on the Decline of Lineage 2 in Korea Unpublished manuscript 1
Huhh, Jun-Sok and Park, Sang-Woo 2005 Game Design, Trading Markets, and Playing Practices - What did Lineage do for enchanting Korean players? Unpublished manuscript 1
Whang, Leo Sang-Min and Kim, Jee-Yeon 2005 The comparison of online game experiences by players in games of Lineage & EverQuest: Role play vs. Consumption Paper presented at DIGRA 2005, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. 1
Grimmelmann, James 2005 Virtual Borders: The Interdependence of Real and Virtual Worlds Unpublished manuscript 1
Castronova, Edward 2005 Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games University Of Chicago Press. 5
Andrew Jankowich 2005 Property and Democracy in Virtual Worlds 11 Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law 173 1
Castronova, Edward 2005 Synthetic Economies and the Social Question Working Paper Series 1
Castronova, Edward 2005 Real Products in Imaginary Worlds Harvard Business Review, pp. 20-22, May 2005 1